Showing posts with label Sheepac. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Sheepac. Show all posts

April 23, 2014

New Zealand agricultural history. No 17. Importing exotic sheep breeds


The name ‘Sheepac’
Bruce Koller’s role
Malcolm Cameron's role 
Cameron’s conundrum 
Sheepac board and directors 
Sheepac Funding 
The Sheepac brand 

By Dr Clive Dalton

The name ‘Sheepac’
Robin Hilson
Sheepac was the name given to the company set up to market the exotic sheep purebreds and their various crosses, after they had completed their quarantine at Hopuhopu.

They’re a few versions of where the name came from. MAFTech geneticist Dr Neil Clarke remembers names being suggested during a meeting at Ruakura, with the late Bruce Binnie (MAFTech Gene Product Manager) and a group of sheep breeders including Cambridge Coopworth breeder Edward Dinger and Hawke's Bay Perendale breeder Robin Hilson.

Robin Hilson suggested a prize being given for the best name, and he remembers (after much head scratching and ideas for names ending in 'pac') sending his one of 'Sheepac' to Bruce Binnie to put into the pot. Sheepac won the day but Robin reckons he never got his prize!

Robin Hilson's also remembers a pivotal car journey he had with Dr Andrew Parrat of Ruakura Genetics, when Andrew made it clear to Robin that MAFTech were really bereft of commercial skills to market the sheep, and coming up with the right company name was an important step. 

Robin then claims that the name was  finally cemented in for official use at a marketing meeting at Flock House (see below).

Bruce Koller’s role
Bruce Koller
Bruce Koller  had been a MAF Farm Advisory Officer in various regions of New Zealand, spending many years at Rotorua and ended up in Nelson from where he was head hunted by the Director General of Agriculture, Malcolm Cameron.   

Bruce was asked to move to MAF head office in Wellington as the first National Business Manager for MAFTec in 1987, where his term lasted till 1991 covering the early years of MAF’s new commercial role.

Bruce described his role in 1987 as ‘to put a commercial focus for the first time to get the new genetics into the industry by employing people from the private sector with appropriate management and marketing skills, and manage the tensions and politics within a radically changing MAF’.  He described this as almost a mission impossible’!


Malcolm Cameron's role

Photo Malcolm Cameron -sans pipe!
Malcolm Cameron had been a Farm Advisory Officer and then Chief Advisory Officer in MAF Head Office before rising to the rank of Director General It fell to his watch to bring about the massive changes decreed by government to commercialise MAF’s previously free services.  
 From those of us who knew Cameron and his background, we always thought he was not the sort of person to willingly grab such a massive change with both hands, but he identified Bruce Koller as someone who could be the ideal person to take charge of the leg work.  This was backed up by recent comments by former Sheepac chairman David Wallace .

Cameron’s conundrum
Bruce Koller says that Cameron was keen to see the expensive quarantine and research investment in the imported sheep utilized to the maximum advantage of the NZ sheep industry and the technology transferred widely.  That would be right – as Bruce clearly got landed with the business and political end of the exercise.

Many others in the industry viewed this differently, and saw Cameron’s main problem as protecting his rear end from the Minister, as it was well known that he (Cameron) was against the importation from the start.  Indeed, one private importer of exotic sheep breeds described dealing with Cameron as him being ‘very obstructive’. 

Cameron’s problems would most likely have stemmed from the fact that Dr John Hutton who headed MAF’s Research Division drove the importation, along with Chief Veterinary Officer George Adlam. They were powerful allies in MAF.

Cameron may have been DG, but he was clearly outgunned both technically and intellectually by Hutton and Adlam, so would have had to accept the importation and all its associated costs and problems - which then became his problems.  You have got to have a bit of sympathy for him!

A former MAF Genetics colleague remembers Hutton finding out the game Cameron was playing with the importation proposal.  It was the old public service trick  of when a file came to the top of the in-tray for action, if it was causing you grief, just put it back to the bottom of the in-tray again.  

There was certainly no love lost between Hutton and Cameron, even to Hutton's hate of Cameron's office permanently filled with pipe smoke!

Photo: Dr John Hutton. Recipient of the McMeekan Memorial Award

 Clearly Cameron got landed with the project, and I can well imagine Hutton and Adlam saying that as far as money went, that was not their problem and they’d be happy to pass the ball to Cameron.  It was well known that Hutton and Cameron were not best mates.

So it’s not difficult to see that Cameron’s had to make sure that in selling the sheep, taxpayer money was not just recouped – but it was seen to be recouped. This could never be done of course, as I have covered in later blogs. The whole exercise of doing a cost/benefit analysis was totally ignored before the circus started. 

 Cameron must have sucked a lot of tobacco through his constantly chewed Sherlock Holmes pipe, before he decided what approach to take.  He needed a good right hand man to manage the sheep sale and Bruce Koller was that man.

Sheepac board and directors
David Wallace
Cambridge dairy farmer David Wallace said he was phoned by Chief Veterinary Officer Dr Peter O’Hara and Bruce Koller to act as independent chairman of a new company set up to market the exotic sheep, with the MAFTech directors of Ken Jury (Director of Ruakura Research Centre) and Bruce Koller.   It was going to be Sheepac.

The farmers asked to represent sheep breeders were  Robin Hilson (Perendale), Bob Turner (Coopworth) and Donald Polson (Romney).  These were all top sheep breeders whose knowledge of sheep and the  business of farming could not be bettered, especially as at that time, as sheep farming profits were at rock bottom.


Sheepac Funding
Bruce Koller says the first job of the Sheepac board and directors was to arrange the funding from MAF to employ Richard Bradley as General Manager. When MAF went commercial, Richard was hired from Massey University to join the staff in the Hamilton office Regional Advisory Officer (Geoff Miller) and from there he moved to the Ruakura campus with the entire Hamilton MAF staff. The theory was that they would not pay rent at Ruakura - which turned out to be somebody's bad dream!

Diana Houtman
Diana Houtman was employed in the Hamilton MAF office for the general Farm Advisory Officers under Geoff Miller and then when MAFTech went commercial, she moved to be PA to Richard Bradley at Ruakura. 

Diana remembers that as Sheepac had little money to start off with, their first business meeting was at the Christiana Ski Lodge on Mt Ruapehu where they worked mornings and evenings and hit the ski slopes after lunch!  

 She said it was good for 'brain storming, developing strategies, sharing information and team building'. Then Diana remembers the Sheepac team meeting at Matapaua Bay in Coromandel. She remembers that  at both these venues, Margaret Cornish (Brian's wife) was in charge of catering and did a great job in primitive circumstances.

Other Sheeplan staff Diana remembers were  Catherine Rapley, Julie McCall, Mark Hamilton and Evelyn Uljee who supervised the records at the Hopuhopu.

 Koller had then organise all the associated budget funding for the expenses associated with setting up ‘secondary quarantine units’ to be run for the next 4 years.

Bruce says the other funding came from 33 breeder shares (43 breeders in total) who put in $5,000 per year for 3 then 4 years, which was a big call for struggling breeders at the time.  In return they were to have first access to the new breeds in a range of packages once released.

The Sheepac brand 
Bruce Koller describes a pivotal two day conference being held at Flock House with all stakeholders present, chaired by David Wallace which effectively established the Sheepac Brand, and ‘demonstrated the potential power and influence of the group’.

Bruce says that the clear consensus from the meeting was to start crossbreeding in a range of secondary quarantine farms, so that a few purebreds at Hopuhopu would multiply to many thousands of three quarters, seven eighths and fifteen sixteenths, and be made widely available to the industry at release, with the emphasis on Texel and Finns.


New Zealand agricultural history. No 18. Importing exotic sheep breeds


Marketing the  Sheepac sheep - the plan
Secondary quarantine units
Helping shareholders to market their sheep

Artificial insemination programme
Buying sheep from Hilson's unit
‘Bundled packages’ for sale
Sale by public auction 
Hopuhopu  management changes 
MAFTech Sheep and Beef Officers  as sales agents
Stock agents  
So how did Sheepac score in business terms? 
 
By Dr Clive Dalton

 Marketing the  Sheepac sheep - The plan

Robin Hilson
 
Hawke's Bay Perendale  breeder Robin Hilson  was asked by MAFTech Business Manager Bruce Koller to join the Sheepac board of directors to represent farmers' needs, and to help market the sheep. Robin was a excellent choice.
Robin remembers discussing with  geneticist Dr Andrew Parrat who had moved from Massey University to join the Ruakura genetics team,  how best to move the sheep out of Hopuhopu for sale, but still keep tight quarantine control over them. Robin said there were a lot of folk around who were very worried about Scrapie appearing and getting loose into their areas and flocks!


Secondary quarantine units  
As MAFTech was going to be heavily into  marketing  the exotic sheep genes, their plan was to use two main centres as their own secondary quarantine stations at (a) their  Flock House farm near Bulls, and (b) the Invermay Research Centre near Mosgiel.  Hopuhopu was the main unit from where the top purebreds were sold.  These secondary units were under the regular surveillance by  MAFQual animal health officers who charged for their services.  

In an article in MAFTech's 'AgriSearch' magazine No 4, 1987,  MAF journalist Matt Bird reports how the Invermay quarantine station was all completed from bare paddock in the middle of the Research Centre to fully-fenced and facilitated quarantine unit in three short weeks.  It also says in the article that prison farms were also in the planning for more quarantine stations if needed.

But the main secondary quarantine station was set up by Robin Hilson on a farm (Tangarakau) near his home property at Takapau in Hawkes Bay.  Tangarakau was protected on three sides by a river and near his home farm and he records that there was plenty of opposition from local farmers, politicians and breed organisations who were still all fearful of the risk of Scrapie.

Helping shareholders to market their sheep


Richard Bradley
MAFTech's Richard Bradley was Sheepac General Manager and Brian Cornish was Marketing Manager.  
 Diana Houtman was Richard's  PA but later by default she remembers becoming Company Secretary after MAFTech's Animal Business ended when MAF became AgResearch.  Angela Hamilton had a support role with Brian Cornish and she was followed by Jill Ansley.

The Sheepac business ran from 21 January 1988 to 17 May 1995.  The marketing team initially produced a  brochure (see below) to help each shareholder  promote and market what sheep they had to sell - purebreds and crossbreds.  There was a brochure for each breed and a space to put the vendor's contact details, so each shareholder had to organise their own marketing and promotion.
 
On the brochure are the addresses of four MAFTech marketing centres for contact.
  • C/- Ruakura Ag Centre, Private Bag, Hamilton
  • C/- Batchelar Ag Centre, POPBox 1654, Palmerston North
  • C/- Canterbury Ag & Science Centre, PO Box 24, Lincoln
  • C/. Invermay Ag Centre, Private Bag, Mosgiel



Below are the details copied from the Sheepac handout in December 1991.

TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF SALE

As at December 1991
  • Terms of sale are strictly cash on delivery unless prior arrangements are made with Sheepac’s Ruakura office.
  • Title in these goods is retained by Sheepac until full payment is received.
  • Stock sold by Sheepac will be a certain mix of: breed, purity and age. Each type of sheep will differ in priced dependent on these factors. The right to select animals will be on a first come first serve basis.  
  •  On the date of selection, the total sum owing will be invoiced.  Ownership does not pass to the purchaser until all monies are paid.
  •  GST will be due on invoice date; that is the date of selection. It will be charged at the rte then ruling.
  • And genetic material collected from the animal (ie semen or embryos) before selection remains the property of Sheepac, and Sheepac retains the right to dispose of sell such material as it thinks fit.
  •  Contracts are personal to the purchase and can only be assigned or delegated with the written approval of Sheepac. Such approval may not be arbitrarily withheld.
  • The sheep are sold guaranteed to be fit for mating at the time of sale ('guarantee').
  • The guarantee will be valid until the end of the 1992 mating season.
  • The 1992 mating season will be deemed to have finished on or before 31 May 1992.
  •  No claim will be recognised by NZ Sheepac Limited if not notified to the NZ Sheepac Limited within one month of the end of the 1992 mating season. 
  • NZ Sheepac Limited reserves the right to verify any claims by independent veterinary check and analysis.
Robin Hilson being the owner operator of the largest secondary quarantine unit had a major influence in making marketing 'farmer friendly', and said one of the first moves was to kill the complicated idea of all the different brochures, and centre all sheep orders through Bradley and Cornish at Ruakura.

Bradley and Cornish had spent great effort traveling around the country with their marketing team to promote the sheep which could be inspected at any of the three secondary quarantine stations as well as Hopuhopu.  The Ruakura office did all the paperwork and handled the records on each sheep and took the final orders and handled the money when they were sold.

Robin Hilson also reports that as a Sheepac director and farmer, he was not happy with the standard of sheep husbandry at the other MAFTech quarantine stations, especially Flock House with farmers deciding to buy sheep from another location - mainly his.  Robin stressed that it was not the lack of money spent by MAFTech which was the problem - as they spent plenty.  It was the lack of management skills.



Photo of Finn ram at Flock House.  Not the best looking specimen of a ram in the eyes of farmers if you were concerned about his 'phenotype' (structural soundness) and not his 'genotype' for exceptional high fertility and fecundity (lambs reared).

Photo: Jim Essen






 Oxford Down sheep at Flock House.

Photo: Jim Essen











Artificial insemination programme
The ewes on the Hilson quarantine unit were made up of 2500 Hilson Perendales, then 140 ewes from the breeding groups - Romney Development Group (RDG),  Perendale Genetic Development (PGD) and the Rangatiki Coopworth Breeding Group.

These ewes were used as recipients for the purebred semen which was collected from rams at Hopuhopu first thing in the morning, and then by 10am it was on a plane on its way to Napier airport where it was collected and taken to the station.

Robin said that technicians inseminated the ewes (intra uterine using a laparoscope) and achieved amazing results.  A total of 300 ewes/day were inseminated with 70% pregnancy rates, when at that time, doing half that number of ewes with 50% pregnancy rate was considered to be a good day's work.

Tokanui leftovers
Some of the sheep from Hopuhopu went to MAFTech's Tokanui Research Station, but nobody seems to remember much about this.  Neil Clarke thinks the idea was to keep a sample of the purebred for research which never seemed to get done.  The Finn was one of the breeds at Tokanui which John Dobbie remembers some  going to Daniel Wheeler in cooperation with Marton Coopworth breeder Roger Marshall.  There were also Oxford Downs at Tokanui but nobody can remember what happened to them.

Dr Geoff Nichol
Dr Geoff Nichol,  former geneticist with  Landcorp recalls buying packages of Texels from Tokanui which  was their main aim. 

 But Landcorp were also interested in the Oxford Down breed and  got some  from Tokanui hoping they would have some good meat genes for their 'Lamb Supreme' breed development programme. 

 But Geoff  says it was decided to keep all their sheep ‘white-faced’, so the Oxfords were culled.

‘Bundled packages’ for sale
From the beginning of Sheepac, anyone could buy sheep and not just shareholders.  Each shareholder had a package of females returned to them for their investment.
 
The surplus sheep of various mixtures left at the end were marketed in ‘bundled packages’ of a ram and a few females of different crosses of each breed.

Sale by public auction
The apparently there was also a public auction of the leftovers of the purebred rams and female crosses of various sorts.  Texels were the most popular with purebreds going from $5,000 - $16,000.

Hopuhopu  management changes
In the final stages of MAFTech's quarantine before the sheep left Hopuhopu to be multiplied and sold from the secondary quarantine units, it was seen by the Sheepac board chaired by David Wallace that there had to be some things that needed action.  So Hawke's Bay Perendale breeder the late Neil McHardy, and Coopworth breeder Peter Black spent a few days each week at Hopuhopu to sort things out so the sheep were in sale's trim.

One of the first things they did was to banish (physically remove) all aerosol raddles from the property, as they sheep for sale were ending up looking like rainbows! Very few people can use an aerosol raddle and end up with a tiny dot.  It's a problem of knowing how far away from the wool to fire. and how long to press the button!

MAFTech Sheep and Beef Officers  as sales agents
Selling sheep was a massive change for MAFTech’s Sheep and Beef Officers who previously had to be squeaky clean when it came to promoting an individual breeder’s stock. To be told to go out and sell Sheepac rams, and on a competitive basis, was a bit of a culture shock as they had spent most of their careers on farms criticizing sheep, and identifying sheep for culling, and now they had to switch modes and promote the good 'features' of sheep - and end up 'closing a sale'. No sale meant no 10% commission for them personally!

It was a whole new culture and some SBOs loved it and some like the older ones hated it, as they’d spent their entire public service careers being totally independent.  It was easy to sell the top good looking sheep, but when it came to the second draw, then things could get a bit sticky!

Robin Hilson said many of these MAFTech  staff needed a lot of support from Sheepac staff, and he spent many hours on the phone with them talking over the nuts and bolts of closing sales and finding new business.

Also goading them on from MAF head office was the newly-appointed National Business Manager Bruce Koller, with the Director General Malcolm Cameron on his back to make it look as if Sheepac was making money to help pay back the cost of the entire importation exercise.


Former Christchurch SBO Lindsay Galloway told me with great amusement that the competition to sell rams was really hot among the SBOs in his patch, as Sheepac offered a prize of a holiday for two on the Australian Gold Coast. 
 
 Lindsay won the prize hands down as he said Texels were selling like hot cakes in Canterbury, and to farmers on the Chatham Islands where he had long time association advising on all sheep farming issues.
Lindsay was honoured with the ONZM for services to farming on the Chatham Islands. 


 Stock agents
The Stock and Station agents also hated MAFTech staff selling rams as they were missing out on commission, which on stud rams could be over 12%. Lindsay said he was getting anything from $5,000 to $10,000 for Texel rams and even F1 crossbreds were selling for $1200 to $1500.  So the stock firms had every reason to feel sore.

Stock agents were being softened up in the early days by MAF when a group was taken to Soames Island in 1984 during their Stock and Station Agents' Training Conference in Wellington. It was clearly a big MAF PR exercise judging from a MAFTech publication which reported that 11 reps from all the NZ stock and station agencies met up with the MAF team at Petone wharf on a misty windless morning in March.  

The MAF team was led by Tony Keay (Veterinary Staff Officer, Imports from Animal Health Division), Paul Lysart (Chief Advisory Officer Animal Husbandry) , Geoff Bilbrough (Scientific Liaison Officer from Research Division), Chris Boland (Veterinary Staff Officer Training and Communication from Animal Health Division, and Norrey Simmons, MAF Public Relations Manager.  The stock agents were given a tour of the facilities and details of the future programme to get the sheep out into the industry from Hopuhopu, as well as a copy of MAF's goals.  Morning tea was provided by the wives of two of the MAF Livestock Officers at the station.

By the end of this you can judge how stock agents saw some good business coming from selling these sheep.

So how did Sheepac score in business terms?
Those closely involved in setting up the business and making sure it delivered results, and got the exotic genes out into the commercial sheep farming world, speak very enthusiastically about how successful the business was. It made money!  People like David Wallace, Bruce Koller and especially Robin Hilson are all certainly clear that things came out on the right side of the ledger.


But the only way it could be seen to have produced a 'profit' was by  'partial budgeting', as against the income side from sale of sheep - what would you put on the  expenditure side?  If you put the mega costs of the whole procurement of sheep from overseas, then all the costs of getting them through quarantine to end up for sale through Sheepac - there was no way the exercise could make money for the taxpayer - who after all carried the can.

So lets throw the question into the too hard basket, and remember the allusion that I was told, that 'taxpayers' money is not real money'!  

The silly thing is the sniping that some Sheepac members have done against LambXL, which was very open about the size of their financial loss.