Agricultural history in New Zealand. Herd testers. Peter Copeman

By Dr Clive Dalton

Peter Copeman

Peter Copeman was born in Chichester and moved to Mellor to Basingstoke, Watford, Briston and then Mellor near Blackburn in Lancashire before he was 11 years old. He had been a member of the Air Training Corps since he was 13 so opted for the RAF when he was called to do his national service from 1956-58.
 He always had an interest in farming, especially the technical side, and to further this he did a National Diploma in Agriculture at the Lancashire County Institute of Agriculture at Winmarleigh in 1961.  He realised that he needed more practical experience, so  thought that going overseas for a  few years would improve his CV.  

Advert in Farmers Weekly
While working for as a fill-in job at the grocers Wm Tattersall and Son in Blackburn, he was offered a job at the UK Grasslands Research Institute at Hurley in Berkshire.  But  he saw an advert in the British Farmers Weekly for herd testing jobs in New Zealand, which seemed a better opportunity to advance his farming prospects.

SS Remuera

So after making application and having the necessary interviews at Preston, and being provided with all the information for immigrants intending to work on New Zealand farms, medical checks were completed before Peter packed his entire worldly goods into two holdalls and headed for Tilbury docks to board the NZ Shipping Company SS Remuera on 1 June 1962, on its maiden voyage to New Zealand.  It wasn't much of a maiden as she'd previously been the P and O vessel RMS Parthia, and later the SS Aramac, so had quite a maritime history. She sailed via Curacao, Panama city, through the Canal and then Papeete, arriving in Wellington 4 July 1962.

Twenty five pound Pom

Peter  was a ‘Twenty five pound Pom’ (he still has the payment receipt), bonded for two years, with the proviso that if they left farming, they had to repay their travel costs to the New Zealand government. 

Peter and the other prospective herd testers who arrived on the same boat, then headed for the railway station to board the ‘limited overnighter’ arriving at Frankton Junction at 6am, and after being met, they were directed to the offices of the Auckland Herd Improvement Association office in London street for the standard briefing that all herd testers got from Ken Stone and the manger Selwyn Sheaf.

Peter remembers that in Ken Stone's briefing comments, he said he was aware that there was a trend in the UK for young men to sport beards, but as yet this hadn't spread to NZ and was quite frankly to be discouraged among herd testing staff.

Te Kowhai area 

Peter was allocated a testing round of 26 herds at Te Kowhai for his first year in 1962-63, with mainly Jersey cows, and only one Herringbone shed. 
 As his mode of transport, he was allocated a horse and cart with rubber wheels which he expected, as he’d read in the blurb, words to the effect that - ‘only the Auckland Association use horse drawn transport to any extent’.   

 This didn’t make sense to Peter, as it was a bigger area than all the others put together.

The photo shows  Peter Copeman at McBride's farm in Te Kowhai with his horse called 'Dick' and McBride's dog called 'Mac'.  Peter got Dick (a failed pacer) from trainer Kelvin Primmer in Te Rapa, and on his first mission to McBride's farm, Dick's speed and lack of consideration for all the gear in the cart (including Sulphuric acid) gave Peter a mighty scare.  Dick was even used to carry Santa to the Te Kowhai Christmas party one year.

1936 Vauxhall car

But then after January in his second year (1963), Peter was able to buy a 1936 Vauxhall car and trailer from David Roberts who had been the previous herd tester at Te Kowhai.  Peter was then able to exchange this in for an A70 truck purchased from Adrian Naish who had been the relieving herd tester in the area, who along with Charlie Linewebber acted as relieving testers and dealt with any problems – that’s when Peter said Charlie’s attention could be prized away from ‘Best Bets’!

Like all herd testers, the routine was standard, arriving at the farm for the afternoon milking, weighing and taking a milk sample, which was added to the morning milk’s sample, before the 30ml of milk was mixed with 70ml of Sulphuric acid and 2-3ml of amyl alcohol before the two dozen were placed on the rack to be centrifuged and the fat level read up the stem of the butyrometer tube.

Peter remembers quite a few characters on his round, one lady who always cooked curried sausages for his visit.  One month she had changed the menu and at Peter’s protest, as he really looked forward to them, she realised her menu had been rather routine so he never got them again.

He had been warned about a single pedigree Jersey herd owner whose standard fare for the herd tester was ‘rat traps’ which were bacon and cheese on toast.  Peter said these were all right, but he was so concerned about the hygiene that he always cooked tea at that farm.   Peter said that from the meals provided, you could always work on what was on special at the local store.

 He also said that occasionally in his area, you could sense a sort of Pommie class distinction between herd owners, especially if they were pedigree breeders and share milkers who were further down the pecking order.

Peter said that it was accepted that after a few years, Pommie herd testers would end up marrying a farmer’s daughter – which he did!  They were offered the farm but as it was 40 pedigree cows on 60 acres, it was never going to be viable for the future of dairying in New Zealand.  He tried really hard, even visiting the Minister of Agriculture (Doug Carter) at the time who had gone to school with his father in law - but to no avail.

While herd testing, having the radio on during milking was standard practice, and he heard ad advert for the State Services Commission for government jobs. 

Job at Ruakura 
He went into the office in Garden Place in Hamilton to find there were no jobs in the area he was interested in, which was at the Ruakura Animal Research Centre.  While there he heard the official phone Gordon Douglas at Ruakura, so the next day Peter went to Ruakura and found Gordon – who happened to have a job when Don McKay at Number 1 dairy had just vacated.

Peter was interviewed by Peter Floyd the chief technician at Number 4 dairy, and he was in business, working with the world famous scientist, Doug Phillips whose research, along with that of Dr Watty Whittlestone, revolutionised milking the world over.

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No. 1 Dairy, Ruakura Agricultural Research Centre, Circa 1966

L-R: Gerry Phizackerlea, Emoni Navatoga, John Crabbe 

Fijian students
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Peter remembers that every two years we had the two top students from a Methodist Mission farm in Fiji come to Ruakura to work in one of the dairies.  One year there was a hitch in the transport arrangements and we had four of them on station at the same time, needless to say they played an important part in the Ruakura rugby team and we almost had an all black back line.

Peter was at Ruakura working on dairy issues from 1964 till his full-time retirement in 2003 from Dexel which was the organisation that took over dairy research from the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, and then he finally retired after part-time work at Dexel in 2006.

So Peter never went farming on his own account, but his son and family are dairy farming in Taranaki.  Peter’s meticulous skills in attention to detail, allowed him to make a very significant contribution to dairy research at Ruakura.  

Photo shows Peter helping in his son's herd with a herd test.  Note the milk meters which revolutionised sample collection.  Peter is putting the sample pottles from each meter in box to send off for testing.  The herd has 225 cows and is milked in a 30-aside herringbone.
 
Peter's memoribilia

Peter's pay slips sent to him c/o the Te Kowhai herd testing convener Alison Hodgson

Peter's baggage list on the Remuera

Annual records of herds tested in each district sent to every herd tester

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Peter Copeman		Herds 1963-64
Farmer	No. Cows	Address	Notes
J H Biddick	28	River Rd, Horsham Downs	Joe
G T Bond	50	Powells Rd, Taupiri	Gavin
R E Brown	55	Old Taupiri Rd, Hopu Hopu	Ron
L Dent	95	River Rd, Ngaruawahia	Len
A L Dyson	90	Driver Rd, Taupiri	Arthur
W D Dyson	54	Gt. South Rd, Taupiri	Bill
L G Kelly	45	Old Taupiri Rd, Ngaruawahia	Len
W P Lovell	40	Gordonton Rd, Taupiri	Bill
W P Moore	40	Orini Rd, Taupiri	Wallace
M F Redman	55	Gordonton Rd, Taupiri	Martin
P W H Weake	128	Warings Rd, Taupiri	Phil
N G King	150	River Rd, Ngaruawahia	Alternate months- Te Puea Farms
L W Pinny	100	Onion Rd, Te Kowhai	Len
Aroha Farms Ltd	125	Te Kowhai Rd, Te Rapa	Ralph Sutton
W B & Mrs E O Pinkerton	90	Gt. South Rd, Te Rapa	Winston
Pukete Farms	200	Gt. South Rd, Te Rapa	Doug & Cedric Holmes, Don McKay – testing officers
D C Jull	45	Gt. South Rd, Te Rapa	Alternate months - David
I W Croad	110	Horotiu Rd, Te Kowhai	Ian
J E Dean	60	Ngaruawahai Rd, Te Kowhai	Bill
W H & Mrs M I Elms	45	Onion Rd, Te Rapa	Taffy & Ivy
J Lee Hodgson & Sons	65	Bedford Rd, Te Kowhai	Jim
J H Mead	65	Bedford Rd, Te Kowhai	Jim
D J Couch	70	Jackson St, Ngaruawahia	Alternate months – Doug
R T Moore	105	Bedford Rd, Te Kowhai	Bob
IC White & AG Stock	100	Clark Rd, Ngaruawahia	Ivy & Alan
Average	80

This shows a 'walk-through' shed.  The bail on the left has a single milking machine to milk two cows, one on each side, and the next bail on the right is a 'double up' where each cow has a milking machine machine. The cows exit via the wooden door at the front, opened by a long handle behind the cow. 

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Photo probably taken by  Peter Druce in one of his herds in the Ngahinepouri area.

Agricultural history in New Zealand. Herd testers. Roger Dean

By Dr Clive Dalton

Interest in travel 

 Roger Dean grew up in Gillingham in Dorset surrounded by farms, and was always interested in travel, particularly to Australia or New Zealand.  After leaving school he did a Certificate in Agriculture at the Dorset Farm Institute and responded to an advert in the British Farmers Weekly for herd testers in New Zealand, which seemed an ideal way to achieving his ambition to work in farming and see the world. 

After making application and having an interview and medical checks, he was accepted but then found that herd-testing positions were all filled at that time in 1962.  He was not put off, and was prepared to go to New Zealand as a farm worker until herd testing jobs were available.

Full fare paid

Under the immigration scheme, the NZ government paid his full travel costs, with the stipulation that he was bonded for two years.  He sailed on the ‘Stratheden’ from Tilbury, via the Suez Canal, arriving in Wellington in November 1967.

Stratheden

 Hawera bound 

After arrival in Wellington, he travelled by bus to Hawera where he was met by his employer Reeve Williams and started work milking around 100 cows for town supply, through a double 8-aside herringbone shed. This was very advanced as 75% of  sheds in the area were still walk-throughs with 6, 8, or 10 sets of cups.

After 18 months on the farm, a herd-testing job became available with the Taranaki Herd Testing Association, for the area near where he’d been working.   This required him to go to New Plymouth for 10 days training before starting his round of 25 herds, which were mainly Jerseys.

Standard 10 car

The Taranaki Herd Testing Association provided Roger with a Standard 10 car, and he bought a trailer for all the gear needed for the job. Horses and carts had all been replaced by vehicles by this time in Taranaki, and were only still being used in Northland.
  
Roger herd tested for about three years before retuning to England for six months and after his return to New Zealand, he went herd testing with a territory around Eureka and Tauwhare. At Eureka his boss was Ken Stone.

Herringbone sheds

Herringbone sheds were becoming very popular in this area, having been developed in Gordonton, although the majority were still walk-throughs.  Equipment had improved with the arrival of the milk meter, which did away with all the physical work of lifting buckets on to spring balances to record milk yield.

  

Equipment and acid for testing in Hawera was kept at a store in New Plymouth, and the Waikato depot was in West Street, Frankton.  Roger’s boss in Hawera was Cliff Broad and Tommy Hair was his supervisor.

The Waikato herd testers depot in West Street in Frankton in 2014.  The garage on the side was for the first truck owned by the Auckland Herd Improvement Association. Testers came here to renew their supplies of Sulphuric acid, amyl alcohol and replace broken glassware.

 There was only one TV in Roger’s Hawera testing round, so playing cards and talk were the main forms of evening entertainment.  Roger made life-long friends from both the Hawera and Waikato herds he tested, and still corresponds with many of them.

Artificial Insemination 

Artificial Insemination (AI) was just really getting going in the early 1960s, though not in pedigree herds which were the main herds tested, as pedigree breeders saw AI as a large threat to their income made from selling bulls for natural service.

Photo shows LIA veterinarian and AI pioneer David Caldwell (on right) , showing ?? Johnstone and Trevor Bigwood (centre)  the special container developed to transport fresh semen in tubes, packed in a box of ice to go by train, bus and air from Hamilton to insemintors in different areas.

There were times Roger said that he would have liked a permanent base, so when a job was advertised on the sheep farm at the Ruakura Animal Research Station in 1969, he applied and was appointed. 

Long service at Ruakura

After arrival, the farm manger Des Hayward saw his experience and suggested that he would be more suited to working at one of the five dairy farms, and it was at the Number 5 Nutrition Centre where Roger spent the main part of his career, making a major contribution to dairy research at Ruakura before retiring in 2003.