Dr Clive Dalton
Auger: Tool for boring holes in timber or
for boring holes for fence posts in the ground.
Batten: Used to keep wires on a fence at
equal distance apart, preventing stock pushing through the fence and adding
strength to the fence. Ususlly
made from lengths of wood (50 x 50mm) but can be made from wire, lengths of
chain or plastic strip. Same as dropper.
Boundary fence: Fence which divides two or more properties and which must comply with the New Zealand Fencing Act 1978.
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| Legal boundary fence. Note how fence line has been cleared to make fencing easier and more stock proof when finished. |
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| Barbed wire on boundary fence |
Breast plate: Piece of timber placed in the
ground that supports the stay at a strainer post, an angle or corner post. May be called a stay foot.
Bridge spikes: Large nails with square
heads and shank used to attach decking to bridge stringers (main supports).
Cap rail: Top rail on cattle yards used to walk along. Also top rail on any wooden fence.
Cattle stop: A grill structure above a pit
in a roadway or track that stock will not cross when they see the gaps. Also called a cattle grid.
Chain: Imperial unit of length to measure
fencing. I chain = 22 yards. Metric equivalent used is 20m.
Contract: Arrangement made between farmer and fencing contractor to
define what work has to be done.
May be verbal for small job but fully documented for large jobs with
legal implications.
Crowbar: Steel bar sharpened at one end to make holes in ground or be
used as a general purpose lever.
Dead man: Anchor to which a strainer, angle or corner post is tied
back, and buried deep in the ground.
Dogs: Same as gudgeon.
Dropper: Same as batten.
Fence: Definition under NZ Fencing Act 1978.
‘A substantial post, batten and wire fence,
having not lass than seven wires, not more than two of the wires being barbed;
barbed wires to be placed in a position agreed upon by the persons interested,
or to be omitted if those persons agree, the posts to be of durable timber,
metal, stone or reinforced concrete, and not more than 5.03m apart, and
securely rammed and, in hollows or where subject to lifting through the strain
of the wire to be securely footed, or stayed with wire: the battens to be of
durable timber or metal, evenly spaced, and not less than four in each space
between the posts, the wires to be galvanized and not lighter than No. 8 gauge;
the barbed wire to have barbs spaced 0.15m apart, and to be galvanized; the
bottom wire to have barbs not more than 0.12m from the ground, the three bottom wires to be not more than
0.12m apart; and the top wire to be not less than 1.14m from the ground; all
wires to be strained tightly and fastened to or let through the battens and
posts to provide a tight durable, stock-proof fence’.
A boundary fence can be modified by
agreement between the land owning parties. On a boundary fence, you have to fence your neighbour’s
stock out, so battens go on their side of the fence.
Fence laying: Delivering materials to the
line of the fence and laying them out ready for work to start. Materials used to be delivered by pack
horse or fixed wing aircraft, but now helicopters can be used.
Fence line: The actual position of the
fence.
Fencing types:
- Power or electric fence. Fence made from insulated standards and electrified wire
- Pig fence: Netting fence usually 1.07m high.
- Sheep fence.
- Post and rail fence: Wooden posts joined by rails.
- Deer fence: Netting fence 1.6m high.
- Boundary fence: Seven wires, fully battened (see Fencing Act).
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| Four wire electric fence to restrain sheep |
Foot: Block of wood attached by wire to the
base of a post and then buried and rammed in a post hole to stop it being
twisted or pulled out when the wires are strained. Plural of foot is foots!
Footing: Same as foot.
Fixed foot: Where the foot is secured to the bottom of the post before
ramming, and not rammed separately when attached by a wire – sometimes called a
flying foot.
Fencing pliers: A combination hand tool
used to cut and bend wire.
Flying fox: Wire fixed between two ‘dead
men’ used to carry fencing materials when laying out a line in steep hill
country.
Gate: Structure which closes access between
paddocks or pens in yards. Many
kinds depending on function made from wood or metal.
·
Drafting gates in yards to
separate animals.
·
Lift and swing gates in
woolshed pens.
·
Backing gate: Used in stockyards to prevent animas
moving backwards.
·
Vet gate: Narrow gate in cattle
yard to allow vet to operate behind a beast held securely in a head bail.
·
Taranaki gates made from fence
battens and wire pulled tight to close gaps.
·
Flood gates: Used across a
stream and which can rise during floods.
 |
| Modern galvanised gates |
Grass fence: Fence made from two electric
fence wires at the same height and about 1m apart, where the herbage is allowed
to grow up between the wires.
Gudgeon: Part of a gate hinge assembly that is knocked into to the
gate post. The hinge straps fit
over the gudgeon.
Guide wire: Wire used during construction
to define the position and line of the fence.
Hinges: Used to allow gate to swing open or closed. Made up of gudgeons and strap hinges.
Jenny: Device for holding roll of wire to make unwinding easy. Also
called spinning Jenny or wire spinner.
Knots: Used to join wires. Main types are
figure 8 and double loop.
Maul:
Wooden hammer to driving pointed stakes.
Measuring up: Calculating the length of a
fence and the materials needed to estimate costs.
Netting: Fencing wire woven into a net with
varying sized mesh depending on the stock that have to be restrained.
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| Netting added to boundary fence as well as hot wire near top. |
Outrigger: Electrified wire placed attached
to the main fence but fixed on brackets away from it.
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| Hot wire on boundary fence held by outrigger |
Peg:
Pointe piece of timber used to mark out the exact line of the fence.
Pinchbar: See crowbar.
Posts: Main part of fence used to support the wires. Many kinds:
·
Strainer posts: Main posts at either end of a fence to
take the strain of the wires
·
Intermediate posts: Posts
between the strainer post. May be
called line posts.
·
Angle posts: Posts placed where the fence changed
direction and need extra support by stays and tiebacks.
·
Treated posts: Timber posts treated with preservative
– called ground treated to withstand being buried for at least 10 years.
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| Round posts |
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| Quarter round posts |
·
Radiata pine: posts and
battens.
·
Totara: posts, battens, foots.
·
Rimu: battens.
Post driver: Tool or tractor mounted
machine to drive posts into the
ground.
Post cap: Metal cover for the top of a post
to protect it from rot.
Post hole borer: Engine driven machine to bore post holes in the ground.
Ram: To consolidate earth around a post
with a rammer.
Ratchet: Part of a fence strainer used to
tighten wires.
Tension: The strain put on each wire of a fence.
Tension meter: Device to measure how much tension each wire has.
Self-tapping bolt: Threaded bolt that makes it’s own
threaded hole when screwed into a wooden post.
Used to thread in a gudgeon.
Standard: Pointed metal post to hold wires (electric or plain), or
plastic insulated post specifically to carry an electric wire – and which is
moved regularly during grazing.
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| Electric fence standards used for strip grazing pastures |
Staples: U-shaped double pointed nails to secure wires to wooden
posts.
Stays: Support for strainer or angle posts.
Stay block: See breastplate.
Stock proof: Fence which totally effective
in restraining stock.
Strain: Tension put on fence wires.
Stringer: Main weight bearing truss on a bridge, usually made of
timber.
Tie downs: See dead man.
Tie back: See tire wire.
Twister: Tool to make a wire twitch.
Twitch: Twisted wire tie of two or more
strands.
Twitch wire: See tie wire.
Twitch stick: Twister made of wood or
steel.
Wire:
·
Plain or smooth.
·
High tensile. Strong wire usually 12.5 gauge or 2.5mm
diameter.
·
Number 8 wire. Smooth wire 8 gauge or 4mm in diameter.
·
Barbed. Two smooth wires twisted into which
barbs are woven at intervals.
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